Methods for visualizing the structure of large, up to kilometer-sized objects based on recording the degree of absorption of atmospheric muons, which are called muonography, use the abundant natural flux of muons resulting from the interaction of cosmic rays in the atmosphere. In recent years, there has been an active development of muonography in various innovative interdisciplinary...
The LVD detector, located in the Gran Sasso Laboratory at a depth of 3600 m a.e., is designed for research in the field of neutrino physics, astrophysics, cosmic ray physics and the search for rare processes predicted by theory. The LVD experiment was built in 1991 to register neutrinos from collapses of stellar nuclei in our galaxy. The background of the detector is atmospheric muons,...
A new approach to the analysis of muon flux during atmospheric fronts passage is discussed. It is possible to select muons in specific planes providing different counting rate series that can reveal atmospheric waves that may accompany phenomena like the passage of atmospheric fronts. The plane includes muons from all zenith angles and some azimuth angles. This selection is made possible by...
The method of event reconstruction and obtaining of muonographs by a new hybrid muon hodoscope is considered. The design of the developed hodoscope is described. The first results of measurements, as well as the obtained estimates of the angular and coordinate accuracy of the detector are discussed.
The muonography method is based on the registration of the penetrating component of cosmic...
We calculate cosmic ray intensity and anisotropy using the model of the Forbush decrease formation in a magnetic cloud by the electromagnetic mechanism for three events. The properties of the Forbush decrease are determined by solving the Boltzmann kinetic equation without particle scattering. Geometrical parameters of the magnetic cloud, such as velocity, velocity gradient, cross-section...
The work presents the results of calculations of the cosmic ray protons propagation through the Earth's atmosphere using the Monte Carlo method. We developed the model for this modeling with the GEANT4 software development toolkit. It uses the standard QGSP_BERT_HP class to describe the physics of the particle interactions with matter. The general results are a quantitative estimated secondary...
The special interest to the estimation of trapped proton intensities in low-altitude region of the near-terrestrial space environment concerns their effects on numerous robotic and manned missions. The main part of radiation exposure comes from the space region where the trajectory of mission orbit pass through the South Atlantic anomaly (SAA).
At present time, the nature of long-term...
For understanding cosmic ray propagation through the interstellar medium (ISM), an adequate model for the latter is needed. The ordinary diffusion approach, leading to the Brownian motion, assumes independence of ISM local inhomogeneities, such as molecular clouds and magnetic fluctuations. The long-range turbulent correlations created by magnetic force lines and gravitation forces require a...
Based on the data of 35-year (1987-2021) measurements of magnetospheric electron fluxes with energy >2 MeV in geostationary orbits, solar wind speed and geomagnetic activity, a catalog of electron flux enhancements was compiled in which the electron fluence exceeds $10^8$ $cm^{-2} sr^{–1} day^{–1}$. The epoch superposition method performed using the GOES-13 spacecraft data shows that large...
Using the helio-sphere as an example, we have investigated the hypothesis that stellar winds or cosmic rays originate in stars and accelerate in their star spheres in electric field shock waves. We have proved that a nonequilibrium inhomogeneous giant gas discharge occurs in the helio-sphere at large values of the parameter E/N, which determines the electron temperature. This quasi-stationary...
According to the Moscow neutron monitor (NM MOSC) data, using harmonic analysis, the characteristics of the solar-diurnal anisotropy of cosmic rays (CR) on quiet days were obtained for a long period from 1965 to 2020. It has been established that the average daily CR variations at NM MOSC are almost completely described by two harmonics of the solar-diurnal anisotropy and does not contain...
Using data of ground level cosmic ray observations on neutron monitor world network, Yakutsk muon telescope complex and URAGAN muon hodoscope (Moscow), we carried out a research of magnetospheric and atmospheric cosmic ray variations over September 2017 by a modified spectrographic global survey method. We obtained time dependence of changes in the planetary system of rigidities of geomagnetic...
Cosmic ray variations observed with ground-based detectors include variations of extraterrestrial origin, atmospheric, magnetospheric, apparatus variations, and statistical fluctuations. The method of acceptance vectors allows us to determine cosmic ray anisotropy out of the magnetosphere for studying physics of solar-terrestrial relations. The basis of the technique are coupling function...
In order to develop methods for space weather forecasting, the dynamics of fluctuations (variations with periods from several minutes to 2-3 hours) of the intensity of galactic cosmic rays (CR) during the events of strong geomagnetic storms on February 26 and March 23, 2023, which are characterized by the values Dst < -100 nT. To do this, we use 1-minute pressure-corrected registration data...
The BECQUEREL experiment is aimed at solving topical problems in nuclear clustering physics [1]. The used method of nuclear track emulsion (NTE) makes it possible, due to its unique sensitivity and spatial resolution, to study in a unified approach multiple final states arising in dissociation of relativistic nuclei. The ideas about nuclear clustering obtained in high-energy physics are...
