The Experimental complex NEVOD includes a set of facilities for the investigation of extensive air showers (EAS). Two of them are: the Cherenkov water calorimeter (CWC) NEVOD and the NEVOD-EAS air-shower array. The CWC measures energy deposit of EAS cores. The NEVOD-EAS detects the EAS electron-photon component in the primary energy range of 1015-1017 eV and allows reconstructing the main...
Carpet-3 of BNO INR RAS is an array of scintillation detectors situated in Neutrino Village, Kabardino-Balkarain Republic, Russian Federation. It is meant to observe extensive air showers (EAS) with energies above 100 TeV.
We generated more than 200,000 EAS using CORSIKA 7.8000 with QGSJETIII and FLUKA2024 models from different primary particles: $\gamma$-quanta, protons, helium and iron...
The URAN array was constructed at the Experimental Complex NEVOD to study extensive air showers (EAS) in the energy range of 10¹⁵–10¹⁷ eV. The URAN array consists of 72 detectors combined into 6 clusters of 12 detectors and installed on the roofs of two buildings of the experimental complex. The array simultaneously detects both the electron-photon and hadronic (via thermal neutrons) EAS...
TAIGA (Tunka Advanced Instrument for Cosmic Rays and Gamma-Astronomy) is the largest gamma-ray observatory in Russia, designed for detection of the high-energy gammas in the range from several TeV to several PeV, as well as of the high-energy cosmic rays (CR) in range from 102 TeV to 103 PeV. A new EAS complex TAIGA-100 is based on the experience of the TAIGA observatory and is planned to be...
The report presents the results of development of an algorithm for determining the charge and energy of heavy ions based on the characteristics of the etched tracks in optically transparent solid-state detectors. Initially, the procedure was developed for the experiment to search for and identifying primary cosmic radiation nuclei registered in meteorite olivines, and their charge...
In our work we investigate specialized scintillators based on locally produced powdered phosphors immersed in an optically transparent silicone rubber. Scintillators of this type can be optimized for recording different types of particles. We present the results of studies of silicone rubber-based scintillators response to atmospheric muons, fast neutrons and radioactive background, mainly...
The SPHERE-2 telescope constructed for the registration of EAS by the Cherenkov light reflected from the snowed surface used a method for the shower classification by the primary mass based on the steepness of the light lateral distribution function on the telescope’s mosaic. The simulation shows that the classification errors for a criterion by the characteristics of the direct Cherenkov...
The prototype of the ENDA (Electron Neutron Detector Array) cluster was created on the territory of the INR RAS in Moscow (ENDA-INR). It consists of 16 electron-neutron detectors (en-detectors) and using to study EAS (Extensive Air Showers) with energy above 1 PeV. Its purpose is testing the registration methods and methods for signal processing. The paper describes the detectors calibration...
The energy estimation method is based on the inverse interpolation of the dependence of the
integral over the axially symmetric function approximating the EAS image on the distance from the
detector axis to the shower axis on the snow. For the approximation and the parameters derived
from it to be authentic the shower axis should hit the snow within the field of view of the telescope.
Due...
We present a study of the possibility of registering EAS simultaneously by the onshore detector facility and the Baikal Neutrino Telescope. Such a setup would allow obtaining experimental information on the number of muons in EAS with ultra-high energy. This, subsequently, would make it possible to examine EAS modeling programs and additionally to verify the atmospheric neutrino flux...
Many attempts have been made to develop accurate techniques for calibrating ground-based detectors using data from satellite instruments. Those will allow to reconstruct the actual cosmic ray fluxes, which are not distorted by interactions with the Earth's atmosphere. Such methods will significantly enhance the capabilities of ground-based detectors for monitoring and forecasting space weather...
The poster presents materials on the production of mirrors for atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes of the TAIGA project.
Due to the increase in the diameter of the telescope, the issue of reducing the mass of mirrors as a whole is becoming relevant, so much attention is now being paid to the development of technology for the production of composite mirrors.
The parameters of monolithic and...
Using data of ground-level cosmic ray observations at the worldwide network of neutron monitors, Yakutsk muon telescope and URAGAN muon hodoscope (Moscow) and the spectrographic global survey method, we calculated cosmic ray variations spectra and anisotropy, as well as changes in the planetary system of rigidities of geomagnetic cutoff during the Forbush effect of March 24th, 2024. At the...
Nowadays, the muonography method (by the analogy with the X-Ray radiography) has become widely used for studying various natural and industrial objects: the atmosphere and heliosphere, the mountains and volcanoes, the blast furnaces and nuclear reactors, the historical heritage sites, and others. The method is based on the "scanning" of thick layers of matter using the penetrating flux of...
One of the most relevant difficulties in the ultra-high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) physics is the so-called “muon puzzle”. It refers to the observed excess of muons in extensive air showers (EAS) induced by UHECR compared to the results of simulations. It is assumed that one possible solution of the “muon puzzle” could be the modification of hadronic interaction models. Some studies suggest an...
In December 2024, an upgraded data recording and processing system was put into operation at the Yakutsk extensive air shower (EAS) array, and an additional detector grid with a step of 250 m was deployed, which covers the central part of the array with an area of 0.16 km².
In this report we will describe the upgraded software package for event processing and present the first results of...
The Experimental Complex (EC) NEVOD includes a set of scientific facilities for studying extensive air showers (EAS): the Cherenkov water detector NEVOD, the calibration telescope system CTS, the coordinate detectors DECOR and TREK, the arrays of scintillation detectors URAN, PRISMA, NEVOD-EAS which measure different EAS components. In order to develop multicomponent EAS studies, the hardware...
This work presents a numerical simulation of the energy spectrum of atmospheric neutrinos. We model the propagation of Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) protons from the magnetosphere boundary to near-Earth space, followed by their subsequent interactions with the Earth's atmosphere, leading to the production of secondary particles. The simulation is performed using the GT software package [1],...
Perspectives and difficulties of using small (<1 m^2) particle detectors made with scintillating materials for measuring muon component of galactic cosmic rays will be discussed using the example of an experiment carried out at IZMIRAN in last 3 years.
Parameters of the instrument will be shown. Special attention will be given to methods of correcting the data for environmental effects,...
The description of the model and its construction blocks, i.e. EAS event processor, physical model of the reflected light telescope in Geant4 and the image handling procedure, is presented. The process of the optimization of the model and the processing conveyor is explained.
We provide the indication of high flux of $^{40}K$ geo-antineutrino and geo-neutrino ($^{40}K$-geo-($\bar{\nu}+\nu$)) with Borexino Phase III data. Simultaneously we obtained the count rates of events from $^{7}$Be, pep and CNO solar neutrinos. MC pseudo-experiments showed that the case of high metallicity Sun and absence of $^{40}K$-geo-($\bar{\nu}+\nu$) can not imitate the result of...
The TAIGA-100 astrophysical complex is a project of a large-scale facility designed to solve a wide range of fundamental problems in gamma ray astronomy, cosmic ray physics and particle astrophysics. It will include several types of detectors to record various components of extensive atmospheric showers over an area of 100 square kilometers.
A key aspect of the successful implementation of...
The TAIGA astrophysical complex [1], located in the Tunka Valley (Republic of Buryatia), covers an area of about 1.1 km² and is designed to study gamma rays with energies above 3-4 TeV and cosmic rays with energies above 200 TeV. The complex includes the TAIGA-IACT facility, which currently consists of four atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes.
TAIGA-IACT makes it possible to distinguish...
The Multipurpose Detector of Muons (MDM) is now under development at the National Research Nuclear University MEPhI. It is an array of multiwire drift chambers shielded with the layers of steel absorber. Such configuration enables the detection and analysis of both single-particle and multiparticle events across a zenith angle range from 0° to 60°.
The detector is designed for investigation...
Research on thunderstorm phenomena has been conducted for centuries, however, some fundamental questions remain unresolved. One of these is the mechanism of occurrence and propagation of lightning discharges. Initiated by high-energy (E > 10^15 eV) cosmic rays (CR) extensive air showers (EAS) can be one of the factors influencing the mechanism of lightning development. At the same time, the...
A cosmic ray flux, predominantly protons, is continuously present at the boundary of both the Earth's magnetosphere and atmosphere, and can be divided into galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and solar cosmic rays (SCR). While the GCR flux is isotropic and its proton spectrum has a wide energy range, the characteristics of SCR depend on solar activity, and their energies rarely exceed a few GeV....
At the present time, the studies of ultra-high energy cosmic rays can be carried out only at the ground-based facilities recording extensive air showers (EAS). The existing facilities for the cosmic ray research measure various components of extensive air showers using different detecting systems. Simultaneous detection of several EAS components using hybrid detectors will provide additional...
Cherenkov water calorimeter (CWC) NEVOD is the main part of the Experimental complex (EC) NEVOD designed to detect cosmic rays on the Earth’s surface. The CWC detection system represents a spatial lattice of the quasi-spherical modules (QSM), located at its nodes. The QSM is able to measure Cherenkov radiation practically in the entire solid angle of $4\pi$. Due to the modernization of the EC...
The Yakutsk EAS array is designed to study ultra-high-energy cosmic rays reaching the Earth's atmosphere. For more than 50 years, the Yakutsk array has maintained continuous operation. It is the longest-running experiment in the world to register ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. The current state, development prospects of the array, and the latest scientific results are presented.
Атмосферные черенковские телескопы (АЧТ) сегодня активно используются в гамма-астрономии. С их помощью регистрируют угловое распределение черенковского света широких атмосферных ливней (ШАЛ), инициированных первичными частицами высоких энергий. Наблюдения осложняются наличием постоянного фонового шума, например, свечение ночного неба, антропогенная засветка. Это приводит к снижении точности...
Проблема исследования спектров ядер дейтерия и трития является частью более общей проблемы изучения процессов ускорения и распространения космических лучей. В последние годы разные эксперименты показали заметные отличия в спектрах различных компонент, а также наличие дополнительного “колена” в спектре по магнитной жесткости. Эти эффекты требуют объяснения. Для решения проблемы необходима...
В послесвечении гамма-всплесков (GRB) могут встречаться гамма-кванты с энергией $E=1~ТэВ$ и более. Присутствие в спектре гамма-квантов высокой энергии можно обнаружить с помощью наземных установок, например, распределённых черенковских детекторов (HAWC, LHAASO), или же с помощью атмосферных черенковских телескопов (H.E.S.S, TAIGA-IACT).
При наличии автоматической системы быстрого наведения...
При регистрации гамма-источников атмосферными черенковскими телескопами большое количество наблюдаемых источников имеет не точечный характер, а протяженную форму. Это ухудшает точность их наблюдения одиночными телескопами или делает его полностью невозможным. Для решения этой задачи в астрофизическом комплексе TAIGA (51.813129°`с.ш., 103.071849° в.д.), где работают уже три телескопа, будет...
